I think a better question is what is the purpose of government and should there be a limit to its size and power. Government spending per household in 1962 was $11,700. This year that number had exploded to $29,000 per household. These numbers are inflation adjusted. Yet, there are those who want even more of our money to go to the government? Is education, infrastructure, growth three times better today than it was in the 1960s? Twice as good as the seventies and early 80s?
Are we getting what we are paying for? Maybe a better question is where is all this extra money going today compared to 30 or 40 years ago? Are we better off due to this extra government spending and if so how much? Does government do a good job of spending our tax dollars in an efficient manner? Is government accountable for its spending and actions? Is our government fiscally responsible? Is $29k per household enough and if not then what number is sufficient ?
Taxing yourself to prosperity seldom works.
Oh there is certainly plenty of bloat and inefficiency that could be done away with in government, a lot of money is wasted on dumb pork barrel programs, inefficient or redundant government agencies, and a runaway military-industrial complex. Government is decidedly an imperfect operator.
Having said that, the types of technological breakthroughs and societal changes that I, and I'm sure plenty of people, would like to see are not ever going to arise organically through the free market, so government investment is a requirement. I would say most of the events we can point to as being exemplary of "American exceptionalism" are a direct result from the actions of government.
Science and exploration of the type that led to the moon landings, the Hubble, the space shuttles, or the large Hadron collider (should have been ours, dammit), are never going to occur through market forces. Even going back hundreds of years (Lewis and Clark, Christopher Columbus, etc.), exploration and work on the frontier has always been the place for entities that don't have to put profits as priority 1, like government. Exploring the frontier is not often especially lucrative.
And go ahead and make all the Solyndra jokes you want, but the market is also not going to be why clean energy sources suddenly become viable. Nurturing of that industry to the point where they contribute a meaningful amount to our power generation is only going to occur through government subsidy.